Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disorder affecting the esophagus, the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This condition is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the esophageal tissue, which results in inflammation, scarring, and narrowing of the esophagus. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are important for effective management of EoE. This article discusses common signs and symptoms of EoE. Read on to learn more.

Common signs of eosinophilic esophagitis
Dysphagia (Difficulty swallowing)
One of the hallmark signs of eosinophilic esophagitis is difficulty swallowing, a condition known as dysphagia. Individuals with EoE often experience the sensation that food is getting stuck in their throat or chest, making it challenging to swallow solid and liquid foods. This can lead to prolonged mealtimes and a fear of eating.

Food impaction
In severe cases, EoE can cause food impaction, which is when food gets stuck in the esophagus and requires medical intervention. Symptoms may include severe chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and a sensation of choking.

Reflux symptoms
EoE can mimic the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Individuals may experience heartburn, regurgitation, and acid reflux. These symptoms may be particularly troublesome at night.

Abdominal pain
Some people with EoE report experiencing abdominal pain or discomfort, which can be confused with other gastrointestinal conditions.

Failure to thrive (in Children)
Children with EoE may experience difficulties growing at a normal rate, which is a condition known as “failure to thrive.”

Chest pain
EoE can cause chest pain, often behind the breastbone. This sharp and intense pain leads some individuals to seek medical attention, suspecting a heart-related issue.

Difficulty sleeping
Due to the discomfort and pain associated with EoE, individuals may experience difficulty sleeping, leading to fatigue and daytime sleepiness.

Irritability (in children)
Children with EoE may become irritable, especially during mealtimes, as they associate eating with discomfort.

Nausea
Nausea is another symptom some individuals with EoE may experience, particularly when eating triggers esophageal inflammation.

Cough
Chronic cough, especially at night or after meals, can be a symptom of EoE. It may be unresponsive to typical cough treatments.

Hoarseness
Hoarseness or changes in voice quality may occur due to irritation and inflammation in the throat caused by EoE.

The signs of eosinophilic esophagitis can vary from person to person. They often worsen after consuming certain foods or allergens, making it crucial to identify and avoid triggers. Common trigger foods include dairy products, wheat, soy, eggs, and certain proteins. Additionally, airborne allergens may exacerbate symptoms in some individuals.

If left untreated, EoE can lead to complications such as esophageal strictures (narrowing of the esophagus), which can further worsen swallowing difficulties and necessitate medical interventions like dilation procedures. Over time, chronic inflammation may result in tissue damage and scarring of the esophagus.

If one experiences persistent or recurrent symptoms like difficulty swallowing, heartburn, chest pain, or food impaction, it is essential to seek immediate medical evaluation.